HRC TECHNOLOGY
In the age where CO2 emissions are increasingly regulated and where ethanol is mandated in gasoline, paraffins (with their high hydrogen and energy content) are preferred to aromatics and olefins for gasoline blending. Table 1 shows differing octane responses of ethanol blended with different gasoline components. Ethanol blend values with paraffins are significantly higher than with other blend stocks – this is called Ethanol Octane Synergy. The authors have developed a highly correlated proprietary predictive model of Ethanol Octane Synergy based on the PONA of the base fuel.
Table 1: Ethanol Octane Synergy
| Hydrocarbon | Hydrocarbon Octane | Hydrocarbon + 10% EtOH Octane | Ethanol Octane Blending Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isomerate | 76.3 | 83.4 | 142.8 |
| Alkylate | 93.0 | 99.0 | 153.0 |
| Reformer Stab Bottoms | 92.7 | 96.1 | 126.7 |
| Reformer Splitter Btms | 95.2 | 97.9 | 122.2 |
| Cyclohexane | 82.4 | 87.1 | 129.4 |
| Heavy Cat Gasoline | 90.4 | 93.9 | 125.4 |
| Reformer Feed | 59.0 | 66.1 | 130.5 |
| Light Cat Gasoline | 96.4 | 97.8 | 110.4 |
| C7/C8/C9 Aromatics | 108.0 | 107.0 | 98.0 |
Aromatic Amines as Gasoline Additives
Aniline
Ortho-Toluidine
Meta-Toluidine
Para-Toluidine
n-Methyl Aniline
The aromatic amines make up any octane shortage that the paraffinic blendstocks have to get to specification octane. They must be registered with the EPA as gasoline additives.
We provide two options to use HRC Fuels technology: (1) to modify existing refinery operations to make gasoline more inexpensively and (2) to make renewable gasoline. Both options produce a drop-in gasoline, meeting all specs for modern automobiles.